ABBREVIATIONS

1PL -First Party Logistics

2PL – Second Party Logistics

3PL – Third Party Logistics

3C – Company, Competitor, Customer

4P – Product, Price, Place, Promotion

4PL – Fourth Party Logistics

5G – Fifth Generation

7R – Right product, quantity, condition, place, time, customer, price

ASEAN – The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

B2B – Business to Business

B2C – Business to Customer

BCE – Before Common Era

BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

BTC – Bitcoin

CEO – Chief Executive Officer

CMR – Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road

CO2 – Carbon Dioxide

DDP – Duty Delivery Paid

ECU – European Currency Unit

ETH – Ethereum

EU – European Union

EXW – Ex Work

FDI – Foreign Direct Investment

FET – Free Economic Territory

FEZ – Free Economic Zone

FIFO – First In First Out

FP – Free Port

FTL – Full Truck Load

GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

G7 – Great Seven (Countries)

GDP – Gross Domestic Product

GmbH – Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (Limited Liability Company)

HS – Harmonized System

HR – Human Resources

IATA – International Air Transport Association

ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization

ICC – International Chamber of Commerce

IMF – International Monetary Fund

INCOTERMS – International Commerce Terms

ISO – International Standard Association

JIT – Just In Time

K – Capital

L – Labor

LDM – Loading Meter

LLC –   Limited Liability Company

LNG – Liquid Natural Gas

LO-LO – Loud In Load Out

LPG – Liquid Petroleum Gas

LTL – Less than Truck Load

M&A – Mergers & Acquisition

MERCOSUR – Mercado de Sur (Market of the South)

MNE – Multinational Enterprise

MS – Microsoft

NAFTA – North American Freed Trade Agreement

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

OECD – Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development

OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer

OLI – Ownership, Location, Internalization

OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

R&D – Research and Development

RO-RO – Roll On Roll Out

S.L. – Sociedad Limitad (Limited Company)

SCC – Stockholm Chamber of Commerce

SITC – Standard International Trade Classification

SKU – Stock Keeping Unit

TEU – Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit

TRL – Technological Readiness Level

TWh – Thera Watt Hour

UK – United Kingdom

ULCC – Ultra Large Crude Carrier

UN – United Nation

US – United States

USA – United Stated of America

USMCA – US-Mexico-Canada Agreement

USSR – Union of Soviet Socialistic Republic

VAT – Value Added Tax

VLBC – Very Large Bulc Carrier

VLCC – Very Large Crude Carrier

VOC – Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company)

WIPO – World Intellectual Property Office

WTO – World Trade Organization

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